M9 and m111 cultivation of apple root stock

Question

Anurag Gupta · Answer

When cultivating apple trees using the M9 and M111 rootstocks, it's essential to understand their different characteristics and growth needs.

M9 Rootstock:
Size: M9 is a dwarf rootstock, meaning the trees stay compact and have smaller branches, making it ideal for smaller spaces or high-density orchards.
Maintenance: Due to its size and weaker root system, M9 requires a permanent stake for support. Mulching and keeping the area around the tree weed-free are important to maintain soil health and moisture.
Fruit Production: M9 is known for early fruit production, often starting in the second or third year. The apples tend to be slightly larger than those grown on other rootstocks.

M111 Rootstock:
Size: M111 is semi-standard to standard, producing larger trees compared to M9. It's suitable for those with more space and who prefer bigger trees.
Cold-Hardy: M111 is known for being more tolerant to cold climates and resistant to pests like woolly apple aphids.
Planting Depth: When planting M111, ensure the graft union is only 1-2 inches above the soil. Proper depth encourages healthier growth.
Rooting: You can promote root development by using a method where side shoots are encouraged to grow roots and be separated from the trunk.
Each rootstock suits different growing conditions and orchard setups, so it's essential to choose based on space, climate, and maintenance preferences.